NOLEGEIN-Journal of Corporate & Business Laws
NOLEGEIN-Journal of Corporate & Business Laws is a peer reviewed journal and provides a platform to discuss new issues in the area of Business globalization and information technology. The journal also seeks to advance the quality of research by publishing papers introducing or elaborating on Digital Markets and Informational support . It's a biannual journal, started in 2018.
MBA Journals (Consortium eLearning Network Pvt Ltd)
Critical Analysis of Online Fraud Prevention and Legal Frameworks inIndia: A Meta-Analytic Review
Increased digitalization of the financial and government systems in India means that there is an augmented prospect of online frauds, therefore making it a challenge that needs integrated efforts with superior technologies and solid legal frameworks. This meta- analytic review critically looks into the amalgamation of emergent aspects of artificial intelligence, deep learning, and biometric authentication with the emerging legal aspects of fraud prevention in the Indian situation. Biometric systems, and especially multimodal systems which use face, fingerprint and iris systems are more accurate in authentication and are more resistant to spoofing attacks compared to unimodal systems. Algorithms of AI and deep learning, including CNNs, LSTMs, and hybrid ensembles, surpass the rule- based method of system performance in terms of fraud detection, with accuracy levels (much) higher than 99 percent. The vulnerabilities are associated with issues of data privacy and regulatory compliance, in addition to the two-fold risks of bad actors of AI. On legal aspect, although the Information Technology Act, DPDPA 2023, and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 have undergone amendments to enhance the regulatory regime, they are marred by the problem of bottlenecks in implementation and lack of jurisdiction. The level of public awareness and the level of digital financial literacy remains a crucial aspect that has not received enough attention and the extent to which it influences the susceptibility to fraud. There must also be technology and therefore, policy reforms, institutional capacity building and synchronous education of the citizens are all relevant to mitigate the fraud effectively. The results point to the direction of adaptive governance models and long-term effects of AI integration in the Indian fraud prevention system.
Online fraud prevention, fraud detection, biometric authentication, machine learning, legal frameworks India.
Copyright (c) 2026 NOLEGEIN-Journal of Corporate & Business Laws
Digital Afterlife Data Decay Protocols: Challenges, Frameworks, and FutureDirections
What sticks around online when someone dies - things like email, profiles, stored files, or digital names - makes up what people call a digital afterlife. Long trails left behind in apps and platforms grow wider every year, making it more urgent to handle such information with care, respect choices made while alive, and avoid confusion later on. Problems pop up not just in how systems store or delete data but also in laws that lag behind and moral questions about who should control access afterward. Looking into existing rules, real-life examples, earlier findings, alongside checks on policies helps uncover both patterns and weak spots now present across handling these remains. One idea stands out early: handling old data needs clear steps. A system could label information, check permissions, plan removal times, then erase or store it automatically - machines help make this smooth. Some sites already try similar methods, though their rules often clash or fall short. Looking closer shows gaps between theory and real practice. Ethics come into play when deciding what stays versus vanishes online. Each choice carries trade-offs, some unseen at first glance. New tech like artificial intelligence or shared ledgers might shape tomorrow&#39;s solutions. Global agreement remains distant but necessary. Clarity, fairness, and consistency matter most moving forward. How people want their digital traces handled cannot be ignored. Rules must reflect actual human values, not just technical convenience.
Digital afterlife, data decay protocols, digital legacy management, privacy after death, digital inheritance, automated data deletion, ethical data governance.
Legal Impediments and Pathways for Mainstreaming Extended Producer Responsibility in India's Waste Regime
Extended Producer Responsibility has become central to India&#39;s transition to a circular economy and now covers eight mandatory waste streams, which include plastic packaging, e-waste and end-of-life vehicles. But there are important legal and institutional obstacles that prevent EPR from being effectively mainstreamed over the long term. This research paper examines the existing regulatory framework, primarily based on the Environment Act, 1986, and identifies aggravating bottlenecks in terms of fragmented constitutional jurisdiction provided by the Seventh Schedule and the lack of a national EPR. Using a comparative approach, this study elucidates the necessity to move away from a reactive, prescriptive regime into more proactive paradigms by contextualising successful instruments and policies drawn upon European Union harmonized directives, Japan’s Design for Environment platform and South Korea’s Eco-Assurance System with digitalization. Findings highlight the “moral conundrum” of the informal sector, where workers come into contact with dangerous waste streams without legal recognition or safety training. We suggest the establishment of a National EPR Act, establishing a National Authority, blockchain-based digital traceability, federal-state harmonization and inclusion of informal waste collectors within the formal spectrum. While these reforms must be strongly institutionalised to encourage greater producer responsibility and comply with the graduated collection targets capped at 70% for priority sectors by late 2025 in line with India’s sustainable development goals.
Extended Producer Responsibility, Circular Economy, Waste Management, Environmental Law, Producer Responsibility Organizations, India.
Impact of the Income Tax Act, 2025 on Individuals and Businesses in India
The Income Tax Act, 2025 marks a significant milestone in India&#39;s fiscal and taxation framework by replacing the long-standing Income Tax Act, 1961. Designed to modernize and simplify the country&#39;s direct tax system, the new legislation seeks to enhance transparency, reduce compliance burdens, promote digital governance, and align tax administration with the needs of a rapidly evolving economy. This study is based on secondary data collected from government reports, policy documents, tax portals, published literature, and related news sources. Adopting a descriptive and analytical approach, the paper examines the salient features of the new Act and evaluates its impact on individual taxpayers and business entities. The study highlights several important reforms, including the introduction of a single &quot;Tax Year&quot; concept, simplified legislative structure, digital-first and faceless compliance mechanisms, consolidation of tax provisions, expanded coverage of virtual digital assets, and improved dispute-resolution procedures. For individuals, the Act offers greater clarity, enhanced transparency, simplified filing procedures, and increased tax relief under the new tax regime. However, challenges such as reduced exemptions, changes in salary taxation, digital literacy requirements, and transitional adjustments remain significant concerns. For businesses, the legislation improves ease of doing business through streamlined compliance requirements, clearer tax provisions, and reduced litigation, while also presenting challenges related to technological adaptation and implementation costs. The findings suggest that although short-term adjustment issues may arise, the Income Tax Act, 2025 represents a progressive and forward-looking reform that can strengthen tax administration, improve compliance, encourage economic growth, and support India&#39;s long-term development objectives.
WHEN TECHNOLOGY MATURITY MATTERS: A MODERATED REGRESSION STUDY OF FORENSIC ANALYTICS AND FRAUD DETECTION
Purpose: Data‐driven forensic analytics (DDFA) is widely promoted as a key tool for fraud detection, yet organisations report mixed results. This study investigates whether the effectiveness of DDFA depends on the organisation’s technological maturity – defined asthe sophistication of IT infrastructure, data governance, and analytical skills. Design/Methodology/Approach: A two‐wave longitudinal survey was conducted with 210 finance and audit professionals in a large emerging economy; 178 completed both waves (retention 84.8%). Data were analysed using PLS‐SEM (SmartPLS 4.0), including measurement model assessment (CFA, AVE, HTMT), structural path analysis, and moderation testing via the product indicator approach with 5,000 bootstrap resamples. Endogeneity, common method bias, and non‐response bias were rigorously tested. Phase 2 semi‐structured interviews with 15 audit directors provided qualitative validation. Findings: DDFA has a significant positive association with fraud detection effectiveness (FDE) (β = 0.39, p < 0.001). Technological maturity significantly moderates this relationship (interaction β = 0.22, p = 0.001). Simple slope analysis shows that the DDFA‐FDE association is strong and significant at high technological maturity (β = 0.48, p < 0.001) but weak and non‐significant at low maturity (β = 0.19, p = 0.08). The model explains 61% of variance in FDE (R2 = 0.61). Qualitative interviews confirm that immature infrastructures – poor data quality, legacy systems, and lack of analytical skills – severely limit the value of forensic analytics. Practical Implications: Organisations should not invest in advanced forensic analytics without simultaneously upgrading their technological base. A practical maturity assessment tool is provided. Investments in data governance, system integration, and analytical skills are prerequisites, not complements. Originality/Value: This study is the first to empirically demonstrate technological maturity as a boundary condition for analytics effectiveness in fraud detection, resolving conflicting prior findings. It extends the Information Systems Success Model by introducing infrastructure quality as a key moderator.
Data‐driven forensic analytics, technological maturity, fraud detection effectiveness, moderation, PLS‐SEM, emerging economy, boundary condition
Legal Solutions for Business and Individual Needs: A Global Comparative Study
The study investigates the legal options accessible to common people and small enterprises in India. For people, it examines insurance, property disputes, family issues, consumer protection, and accident claims. It looks at contracts, employment, taxes, formation, and intellectual property for firms. It examines alternate procedures such as consumer forums, Lok Adalats, arbitration, and mediation in addition to the traditional court system. It analyzes the obstacles—cost, complexity, lack of understanding, language, location, and psychological fear—that keep individuals from utilizing these solutions. It takes inspiration from Singapore's integrated conflict resolution system, the United States' community mediation programs, and the small claims courts in the United Kingdom. It also considers preventive measures like written contracts and wills, as well as legal awareness programs. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining semi structured interviews with authorities, attorneys, and litigants with doctrinal analysis of legislation and case law. All seven hypotheses are tested and found to be true. The majority of persons with legal issues do not pursue official remedies, according to their results. Small firms are susceptible since they do not have written contracts. Although consumer forums are useful in theory, impoverished and rural groups seldom use them. Better paperwork at the time of purchase might frequently avert property disputes, which are the most prevalent and challenging situations. Due to a lack of awareness and trust, alternative conflict resolution procedures are underutilized.
Alternative dispute resolution, community mediation, small claims courts, integrated dispute resolution, lok adalats
Techno-Legal Governance and Algorithmic Management: AStrategic Framework for Re-engineering Public Administration in Viksit Bharat@2047
This empirical study investigates the structural transformation of the Indian public sector as it moves toward the strategic milestone of Viksit Bharat@2047. Aiming for a $30 trillion to $34.7 trillion economy by the centenary of its independence, India is currently undergoing a shift from legacy 19th- century administrative hierarchies to an agile "Algorithmic State." This research utilizes a cross- sectional multi-domain sample (N= 400) across Legal, Administrative, Management, and Policy sectors (n = 100 each). Using the updated "Viksit Governance Readiness Scale" (VGRS), the study evaluates the "Techno-Legal-Management" (TLM) triad. A pivotal focus is the newly enacted Viksit Bharat-Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025 (VB-G RAM G Act), which replaces MGNREGA with a technology-driven 125-day employment guarantee. Findings reveal high digital adoption in the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector at 68%, but identify a "Trust Gap" in the judiciary, where a backlog of over 50 million cases exists. The research validates two primary hypotheses: that high digital literacy mediates a reduction in perceived legal risk (H1) and that management experts prioritize operational efficiency (ROI reaching 200% in finance) over the "Slow Justice" norms of the legal domain (H2). The report integrates the January 2026 Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (OPSA) White Paper on Techno-Legal Frameworks, providing a diagnostic roadmap for India to lead in "Sovereign AI" and digital ethics.
Viksit Bharat@2047, Digital Public Infrastructure, Algorithmic Management, Techno- Legal Governance, VB-G RAM G Act, Sovereign AI, India Stack.
Taxation Law in India: Principles, Administration, And Contemporary Developments
Taxation law forms a fundamental pillar of a nation’s legal and economic system, acting as the primary tool for generating revenue required for governance, public services, and developmental initiatives. In India, the taxation framework has undergone significant transformation over time, shifting from a complex and segmented structure to a more integrated, streamlined, and technology-enabled system. This paper presents a detailed examination of the Indian taxation regime, focusing on its constitutional basis, classification, and underlying principles. The study analyzes the distinction between direct and indirect taxes, with particular attention to income tax and the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which has played a pivotal role in unifying the indirect tax system. It further explores the mechanisms of tax administration, compliance requirements, and the role of digitalization in improving efficiency and transparency. Additionally, the paper reviews dispute resolution processes, including appellate structures and judicial remedies available to taxpayers. The research also identifies key challenges within the taxation system, such as compliance burdens, administrative inefficiencies, and evolving economic complexities. Recent reforms and policy initiatives aimed at strengthening accountability, reducing tax evasion, and enhancing taxpayer convenience are critically evaluated. The paper concludes that a balanced taxation system—characterized by fairness, simplicity, and efficiency—is essential for fostering economic stability and inclusive growth. Strengthening the legal and institutional framework of taxation is crucial for ensuring both fiscal sustainability and social equity in a rapidly developing economy.
Taxation law, direct tax, indirect tax, GST, income tax, fiscal policy, tax administration, India
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CSR OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANK (Qualitative)
CSR has been a strategic and ethical concern for the Indian banking industry, especially after the Companies Act of 2013 was enacted, which made CSR spending mandatory for eligible companies. The objective of this research, therefore, is to compare the scope, spending patterns, focus areas, and overall effectiveness of the CSR programs undertaken by Indian public and private sector banks. The research investigates some of the top-rated banks in these two sectors and compares their approaches towards financial inclusion, social development, sustainability, healthcare, education, and environmental protection. It also shows how public sector banks generally emphasize welfare-oriented and government-aligned initiatives, while private sector banks commonly pursue innovation-driven and branding-oriented CSR strategies by using secondary data obtained from annual CSR reports, sustainability reports, and regulatory disclosures. The findings bring out the fundamental differences in the approach of the two sectors towards impact assessment, regional outreach, and CSR expenditure. The study concludes that while both public and private banks contribute significantly to socioeconomic development, private banks are found to exhibit better coordinated implementation and strategic alignment, and public banks were seen to have greater outreach and inclusivity. These lessons may be useful for policymakers, stakeholders, and financial institutions looking at ways to strengthen the CSR frameworks and maximize social impacts in India.
Banking Sector Comparison, Public Sector Banks (PSBs), Private Sector Banks (PVBs), Indian Banking Industry, CSR Strategy
Moral Rights of Authors in Copyright Law: An International and Indian Perspective
This paper examines the concept of author’s moral rights and their evolution within international and Indian copyright frameworks. Moral rights, rooted in the French doctrine of droit moral, emphasize the personal and reputational bond between authors and their creations, distinct from economic rights. The Berne Convention, particularly Article 6bis, recognizes these rights as independent and enduring, granting authors the right of attribution and integrity even after the transfer of economic rights. The study explores key components of moral rights, including the right of publication, paternity, and integrity, while comparing their treatment in French, German, and other legal systems. Within the Indian legal framework, moral rights are expressly recognized under Section 57 of the Copyright Act, 1957, which empowers authors to assert their authorship and protect their works from distortion, mutilation, or any prejudicial modification. Over time, judicial pronouncements—most notably in Mannu Bhandari v. Kala Vikas Pictures [4] and K.P.M. Sundhram v. Rattan Prakashan [8] Mandir—have played a crucial role in broadening the interpretation and application of these rights. Nevertheless, subsequent legislative changes, particularly those introduced after 1984, have curtailed their duration by linking them to the subsistence of copyright. As a result, unlike in certain jurisdictions where moral rights may continue indefinitely, Indian law imposes temporal limitations on their enforcement. The paper highlights the tension between international harmonization and domestic legal approaches, emphasizing the need to strengthen moral rights protection. It concludes that safeguarding moral rights is essential for preserving cultural values, authorial identity, and creative integrity in an increasingly commercialized intellectual property regime.
Keywords: Moral Rights; Copyright Law; Berne Convention; Author’s Rights; Section 57; Intellectual Property; Artistic Integrity
Evaluating CSR’s Contribution to Enhancing Customer Trust and Loyalty in Mumbai’s Private Banking Domain.
Corporate Social Responsibility emphasizesgiving back to the society. In a competitive banking market, CSR can be a key differentiator. This study explores the connection between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and the development of customer trust and loyalty within the private banking sector in Mumbai. How the CSR initiatives focus on the areas of environmental sustainability, community development, employee engagement, and transparency, and how all these affect customers' perceptions of trust and loyalty in four major banks: ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, and Axis Bank. Using data from 68 customers, tests were applied to do hypothesis testing, which showed the factors and their significance. The findings suggest a very strong positive relation between CSR activities and customer trust and loyalty, offering valuable insights for banking institutions looking to strengthen customer relationships. The findings demonstrate a strong and statistically significant positive correlation between effective CSR initiatives and increased levels of customer trust and loyalty. This highlights the critical role of socially responsible practices in nurturing long-lasting and meaningful customer relationships. The research offers valuable insights for private banks seeking to establish a socially responsible brand identity while also improving customer satisfaction and maintaining a competitive edge. In essence, CSR extends beyond ethical responsibility—it serves as a strategic asset capable of influencing customer loyalty in an increasingly conscious and evolving market landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 NOLEGEIN-Journal of Corporate & Business Laws
Fostering Ethical Leadership through the Practice of Yoga and Meditation: A Character-Building Perspective
Ethical leadership is a critical component for fostering trust, integrity, and positive impact within organizations. Its foundation lies not only in intellectual acumen but also in robust emotional and mental resilience. This abstract examines the integral role of physical and mental health practices, particularly yoga and meditation, in promoting the personal growth necessary for principled leadership. It posits that these disciplines enhance ethical decision-making, emotional regulation, and key leadership attributes such as compassion and mindfulness. Ancient mind-body practices like yoga and meditation offer significant advantages by cultivating mental clarity and emotional stability. Yoga's focus on breathwork and physical postures mitigates stress and promotes mental equilibrium. Concurrently, mindfulness meditation improves the self-awareness and emotional intelligence that are essential for leading with integrity. Engagement with these practices equips leaders to manage challenges effectively, maintain composure under pressure, and make consistently ethical choices. Furthermore, these practices catalyze personal growth by fostering deep self-reflection and a stronger connection to one's values. As leaders invest in their own well-being, they enhance their capacity to lead with empathy and fairness. In conclusion, integrating mind-body practices into leadership development programs is a powerful strategy for strengthening the ethical foundation of leaders, creating more compassionate, mindful, and effective leadership.
Impact of Whistleblowing and Ethical Governance in Indian Corporations: A case study on Vyapam Scam
This study looks at how ethical governance in Indian firms can be promoted through whistleblowing. It investigates how well-suited business policies and current legislative frameworks like the Whistle Blowers Protection Act are to protecting them and promoting openness. The study illustrates the difficulties faced by Indian whistleblowers, such as fear of reprisals and societal perceptions of corporate wrongdoing, by examining important case studies. In order to maintain the integrity and long-term viability of Indian firms, the study highlights the necessity of stricter enforcement of whistleblower protections and a dedication to moral leadership. The paper examines how cultural norms, rigid corporate structures, and institutional resistance play a role in discouraging whistleblowers and pushing them to the margins. It highlights that although there are legal provisions in place, their execution is often inadequate and inconsistent. Therefore, the research emphasizes the pressing need for stronger enforcement strategies, widespread educational initiatives, and a deep-rooted commitment to ethical leadership across all tiers of corporate governance. Establishing a safe and encouraging atmosphere for whistleblowers is essential if Indian companies are to genuinely uphold principles of transparency, accountability, and long-term ethical growth. The study ultimately asserts that promoting ethical business practices requires not only amending existing policies but also instilling a shift in organizational culture and leadership philosophy.
Growing Application of Forensic Accounting in Assessment and Control of Financial Crimes
Forensic accounting has evolved into a crucial discipline in detecting and preventing financial crimes, particularly in the digital age, where cyber-enabled fraud has intensified. This study examines how forensic accounting techniques have adapted to address modern financial crimes, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, and big data analytics. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these advanced tools in fraud detection and financial transparency. A combination of qualitative analysis and statistical evaluation was used in the mixed-methods approach. The results reveal that AI adoption significantly enhances fraud detection rates, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.997 (p-value = 0.00015), confirming a strong positive relationship. Additionally, a linear regression analysis demonstrated an annual increase of 100 fraud cases from 2020 to 2024, highlighting the growing need for forensic interventions. The chi-square test (χ² = 25.95, p = 0.001) indicates a statistically significant shift in financial crime patterns over time, emphasizing the necessity for continuous advancements in forensic methodologies. The study concludes that forensic accounting, integrated with AI-driven analytics, predictive modeling, and blockchain auditing, significantly improves fraud detection efficiency, increasing from 60% in 2020 to 80% in 2024. To further enhance fraud prevention, organizations should invest in AI-powered forensic tools, strengthen regulatory compliance measures, and promote interdisciplinary collaboration between forensic accountants, cybersecurity experts, and regulatory bodies
Copyright (c) 2024 NOLEGEIN-Journal of Corporate & Business Laws
Unravelling the Electoral Bonds Scheme: A Legal Journey towards Transparency
The Indian government launched the Electoral Bonds Scheme in 2018 with the goal of preserving donor anonymity while promoting openness in political financing. However, the scheme has sparked extensive debate over its effectiveness and potential for misuse. This paper traces the legal journey of the Electoral Bonds Scheme, analysing its implications on transparency, accountability, and democracy in India. Through a detailed examination of legislative provisions, judicial scrutiny, and public discourse, the paper explores whether the scheme has succeeded in its objectives or has inadvertently facilitated opacity in political financing. By unravelling the complexities of the Electoral Bonds Scheme, this study provides insights into the ongoing quest for transparency in India's electoral process. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the legal trajectory and constitutional aspects of the Electoral Bonds Scheme, mapping out significant legislative developments and the scrutiny it has undergone before the Supreme Court of India. It investigates how the scheme aligns with core democratic ideals such as transparency, accountability, and equitable electoral practices. By examining alterations made through the Finance Acts and amendments to key laws including the Representation of the People Act, the Companies Act, and the Income Tax Act, the study reveals how these changes have permitted unchecked corporate contributions while weakening existing regulatory checks. In addition, the paper delves into broader societal reactions, drawing from media exposés, civil society critiques, and reports by oversight institutions that highlight concerns over the scheme’s opacity. Particular emphasis is placed on the imbalance in fund allocation favouring the ruling party, the absence of donor disclosure, and the potential for misuse of government systems. The study questions whether the scheme has genuinely met its goals or instead fostered a hidden, less accountable model of political financing.
Adapting to Consumer Trends in E-Commerce: A Case Study of the Amazon Shopping App
The purchasing and selling of goods and services through internet services is referred to as e-commerce, or electronic commerce. E-commerce helps consumers to exchange value online and make available the facilities at their desk. E-commerce is gaining importance throughout the globe. The development of e-commerce has helped get massive marketplaces to small, single-product shops to large businesses. This increase in e-commerce has also led to the significant shift in consumer behavior. This changing behaviour of the consumers has made businesses adapt and evolve with the new trends. This study is conducted to get the insight of how there is changing preferences of shopping of the consumers. This study probes to understand the behavioral shift of consumers that has driven growth of e-commerce. It also helps to get the insight of the demanding growth for seamless mobile shopping perception of personalized recommendations, and fast delivery services amongst the consumers. The study also attempts to understand the consumer expectations form the Amazon online shopping app and how Amazon is adapting and responding with the introduction of strategic innovations in its app interface. The case study throws light on how Amazon thrives in ae e-commerce market by aligning its strategies with consumer-driven trends.
Victim Compensation and Support Service in India, USA, and UK
The victim support and compensation systems in India, the United States, and the United Kingdom are compared in this article. It draws attention to each nation's legal systems and procedures, emphasizing how they meet the needs of victims of crime. Victim compensation programs are well-established in the United States and the United Kingdom, providing both comprehensive financial support and other support services including legal aid and counselling. On the other hand, despite their progress, India's victim compensation programs still face obstacles like uneven funding and low victim knowledge. The paper highlights the necessity for India to bring its policies into compliance with international norms while examining significant variations in the reach and effectiveness of these programs. It also looks at how Indian legal services authorities, including the District Legal Services Authority (DLSA), help victims by offering support and compensation. The study concludes with reform suggestions to enhance victim support services in India. In order to guarantee a more victim-centric approach, the report also examines worldwide best practices and the necessity for India to harmonize its regulations with international norms. The main distinctions between these three nations' victim support systems in terms of their reach, efficacy, and scope are examined critically. In order to strengthen India's victim support infrastructure, the study ends with reform recommendations. These include the need for more funding, more efficient administrative procedures, easier access to legal aid, and more awareness-raising campaigns to encourage victims to seek support and justice.
An Empirical Investigation Into The Effects of CSR on Employee Loyalty
This empirical study examines how employee loyalty is affected by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, providing insight into how moral business practices affect employees' dedication and retention. CSR efforts, which include projects like community involvement, environmental sustainability, and moral labour practices, are becoming more widely acknowledged as both a moral requirement and a tactical instrument for boosting employee loyalty. Using quantitative data gathered from various industries and geographical areas, this study explores the connection between CSR and employee loyalty. According to the research, workers who believe their companies are socially conscious are more likely to show greater levels of loyalty, which lowers turnover and improves overall performance. The analysis goes on to show that employee perceptions are significantly influenced by the type and level of visibility of CSR activities. When workers feel that their company is truly committed to corporate social responsibility, they are more likely to feel appreciated and motivated, which strengthens their emotional bonds and increases their desire to stay with the company. Nonetheless, the research also highlights certain constraints, including possible partialities in self-reported information and the requirement for additional investigation in various settings and periods. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, the study emphasizes how crucial it is to incorporate CSR into fundamental business plans in order to develop a devoted and enthusiastic workforce. This provides insightful information for companies looking to use CSR as a long-term competitive advantage.
Customized Strategic Frameworks for Organizational
Strategic frameworks, or strategy frameworks, are essential tools that organizations use to outline plans for achieving future goals. These frameworks help illustrate how a company or department intends to utilize projects and various initiatives to align with the broader vision set by stakeholders. A strategic planning framework serves as a guide for teams to focus on specific aspects of their strategic plan. A comprehensive strategic plan should address key questions: Where does the organization currently stand? Where does it aim to go? How will it achieve those goals? Bringing all these elements together can seem overwhelming, but a well-structured strategic planning framework can help break down the process into manageable steps. Different frameworks can be applied depending on the organization's needs. For instance, the Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) framework helps clarify goals within the strategic plan, while Porter’s Five Forces framework provides insights into competitive dynamics and industry influences. These strategic planning tools enable a focused approach, allowing businesses to transform ideas into actionable outcomes. Strategic frameworks offer structure for both analysis and execution. However, the wide variety of frameworks available—from straightforward to highly intricate—can be confusing, even for experienced professionals. Additionally, relying on a rigid strategy locked in a single PowerPoint presentation or document for an entire year is no longer practical. To create impactful strategies in today's unpredictable business landscape, organizations must embrace adaptability.
Private Sector Initiatives in Infrastructure Procurement: The Role of Quantity Surveyors in Ensuring Financial Probity
Private Sector-Led Infrastructure Procurement is one of the major reforms in public infrastructure procurement. The private sector brings in expertise, capital, and efficiency, while the public sector ensures the project serves public interest. This allows the private sector to leverage its expertise in management and operations. Private sector involvement however does not guarantee cost savings and can sometimes lead to higher costs. It is therefore crucial to maintain transparency and accountability in private sector led initiatives to ensure public trust and value for money. As such, although private sector initiative plays a vital role in public infrastructure procurement, offering numerous benefits such as increased investment, efficiency, and innovation, careful planning, risk management, and transparent governance are essential to ensure successful PPPs and maximize the benefits for the public sector. This study spotlights the role of Quantity Surveyors in ensuring financial Probity in the procurement of infrastructure, specifically, as it pertains to Private Sector-Led Infrastructure. It shows how quantity surveyors’ professional expertise is useful in drafting complex contracts required to ensure alignment of interests and risk allocation between the public and private sectors. The study further highlights the challenges and considerations that must be borne in mind when adopting Private Sector Initiative in Public Infrastructure Procurement. This is against the backdrop of the inherent nomenclature and peculiarities of the Nigerian Construction Industry.
Refinancing the NPA’s Through Bad Banks: A Conceptual Analysis
The COVID 19 pandemic has made matters worse for both individual and corporate borrowers, whose balances in India’s banking sector are exhibiting significant increases in non-performing assets (NPAs). Investor confidence is being shaken by the weak balance sheets of public sector banks, which the banks need to confront head-on. The term “bad bank” was first used in the 1980s in the United States, and many other nations soon followed suit to rid their balance sheets of these hazardous assets. The bad banks guarantee the banks that they will take on these non-performing assets (NPAs) at a discount to book value and subsequently recoup them. The suggestion to form a bad bank to transfer the distressed assets was also proposed by the Indian Banking Association. This essay tries to comprehend the idea of a “bad bank,” how they have developed, what their structure is, how they are implemented, and how they affect the economy. The report provides insight into the regulatory framework currently in place in the Indian banking sector to safeguard depositors’ and investors’ interests. The study also focuses on how this paradigm functions, as well as its advantages and challenges in the Indian setting.
Appraisal of Entrepreneurial Environment in Nigeria and Growth in the Informal Sector: 2015-2023
The paper highlights the outlook of the entrepreneurial environment in Nigeria and the informal sector between 2015 to 2023. It appraised and discussed the challenges of business environment encountered by entrepreneurs within the years in context. The paper discussed the Nigerian business environment and its relationship with the Nigerian entrepreneur also gives an exposure on the strengths of entrepreneurs given the challenges from the business environment. Strategic management was discussed and how it’s a catalyst to overcoming business environmental challenges and also help in maintaining the aims and objectives of an entrepreneur. A case study was looked into which threw light into the challenges in business environment faced by Dangote cement company and the how the use of strategic management was deployed to overcome the business market overcome rivals and focus on the long-term goals of the company while also expanding through resilience and commitment to growth. Dangote Cement's tenacity and growth-oriented approach bear witness to the way that strategic management may convert environmental obstacles into chances for sustainable development. In addition to providing insights into the relationship between strategic management and entrepreneurial success in a challenging and frequently unstable business environment, this paper advances knowledge about the Nigerian entrepreneurial scene.
Custodial Violence on Undertrial Prisoners Is Biggest and Hidden Threat to Human Rights: Legal Implications and Global Concern
Torture has existed for as long as humans have. Torture in custody, which might result in the accused's death, is not a new phenomenon; it has long been a practice. A person who has been detained while being investigated, examined, or tried for a crime they are suspected of committing is known as a "under-trial." The percentage of undertrial inmates held in jails for more than a year has increased dramatically along with the percentage of cases awaiting court verdict. Undertrial defendants held in overcrowded jails without accusation or trial is a failure of our democratic society and the rule of law. Concerns regarding jail infrastructure and inmate care have surfaced again in the wake of the death of an undertrial prisoner while in police custody. This research examines the legal ramifications of torture in custody for detainees pending trial, with a particular focus on the rights of such prisoners. One of the many issues that are included under the general heading of human rights violations is custodial violence. The study looks at the current legal system and makes recommendations for changes to address the issue while maintaining the proper implications of human rights. Some of these changes include making law enforcement agencies more accountable, fortifying detainee legal protections, and restructuring the criminal justice system.
Gender Balance on Boards: A Catalyst for CSR Performance
and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance. Through a study of the literature and empirical data, we investigate the effects of having women on corporate boards on CSR outcomes. Our research explores several CSR topics, including social justice, environmental sustainability, and governance procedures, to pinpoint the unique contributions made by gender-diverse boards. According to our research, gender diversity on boards improves corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance by bringing a greater variety of viewpoints and values into the process of corporate decision-making. Greater morality and social responsibility in corporate practices are encouraged by diversity. Moreover, the representation of women in leadership roles frequently results in an increased emphasis on stakeholder interests and long-term sustainability. The paper also considers the broader implications of these findings for policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders. It emphasizes how crucial it is to support gender diversity as a crucial tactic for improving CSR outcomes and fostering long-term company expansion. In the end, improving governance and promoting more socially conscious behavior can result from encouraging more women to serve on corporate boards, which will benefit both the business and society. According to our data, encouraging gender diversity in leadership positions improves company performance overall and is consistent with contemporary society values. These observations provide insightful advice for businesses looking to bolster their corporate social responsibility programs and for legislators hoping to encourage more diverse and equitable corporate governance frameworks. Businesses may achieve more creativity, moral decision-making, and sustainable success in a global market that is becoming more complex and competitive by embracing gender diversity.
A RESEARCH ON THE HIRING PROCEDURE AT FIRSTCRY, PUNE
Effective company management relies heavily on personnel planning to make sure that the appropriate people are in the correct roles at the right times inside an organization. Achieving company goals and promoting success require this strategic process. To ensure that staffing levels are acceptable and that the types and talents of employees are in line with the company's objectives, every organization needs to follow a set of clearly established criteria. The primary goals of this study are to evaluate First Cry Company's hiring practices, investigate any difficulties that may have arisen, and offer suggestions considering the results. One of the core components of people planning is recruitment. It entails seeking out and drawing in competent job applicants with the training and expertise needed to carry out duties successfully. Through the recruitment process, businesses can create a pool of potential hires from whom qualified applicants can be chosen to fill open positions. Recruitment plays a critical role in ensuring that the company can meet its staffing needs and achieve its business objectives by building a solid relationship between employers and job seekers.
An Analysis of the Relationships Between Competition and Intellectual Property Laws in the Situation in India
India is a country of systematic legal framework whether it is for individuals or for corporates. Ever since constitution was adopted there has been periodic up gradation and amendments in laws so that it suits best to the current environment, in this light in the present study we are attempting to compare the Indian competition act and Intellectual property laws. This study examines the intricate relationship between the Indian Competition Act and the country's intellectual property laws, shedding light on the potential conflicts and complementarities that arise from their intersection. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant statutes, judicial precedents, and scholarly discourse, the study explores the delicate balance required to promote fair competition while safeguarding intellectual property rights. It highlights the challenges faced by policymakers and regulatory authorities in addressing anti-competitive practices involving intellectual property, while ensuring that incentives for innovation and technological advancement are not compromised. Furthermore, the research delves into potential harmonization strategies and offers recommendations for effective enforcement and better alignment between these two critical legal domains, aiming to foster an environment that encourages both competition and innovation, driving economic growth and fostering a thriving knowledge-based economy.
Workplace Hazards and Safety: A Study with Reference to Employees Of Madhya Pradesh Power Distribution Company
Hazards at workplace are not very uncommon, especially in the industries involving high industrial works. Various industries have tried their best to minimize the hazards and ensure workplace safety for their employees and increase productivity. But despite all the precautions and safety measures taken, there are always risk associated with industrial jobs. The prevention of the hazards at workplace is the prime responsibility of the organization but apart from this it is also the responsibility of the individual employees to keep themselves safe in an environment of uncertain accidents. The present paper has analysed those parameters which are required to be followed by an individual employee when they are working in an industry or some manufacturing unit involving high hazards risks. There are numerous parameters which are required for employee’s safety but the present paper has only selected those which are crucial to for major hazards prevention, like awareness related to safety of plugs, wiring and switches, availability of necessary protection equipment, safe ladders, hazard awareness, safety awareness related to power distribution boards, safety of personal protection equipment, like gloves, suit, helmet, electricity fighting equipment, toolboxes, etc. For studying the Hazards at workplace, this paper has collected responses from 102 employees of the organization and then their responses were recorded pertaining to various issues. The data has been put to required analysis and necessary conclusion is drawn. This data is collected manually from the respondents with the help of sixteen question questionnaire.
No More Wasting Money on Ad Spends Build Your Brand Bigger
We hate to see how much money is wasted on business today. Especially when we are a small business, we make more money than we spend, which is so sad! As an entrepreneur, we need to know how much we want to invest in our business and the quality. But we know how painful it is to spend a lot of money from our business and get nothing in return. This article wants us all to know that we are not just one of the big names. Therefore, since our business is small, we cannot ensure that their budget is not limited. You should know that these big names also start small, and they do not have large working capital, so they can start small. We're surprised when we see how much money small businesses spend on digital marketing. It is huge! Due to their ignorance of the ins and outs of marketing, small business owners waste a great deal of money on marketing (particularly digital marketing). The world of digital marketing is intricate. The truth is that we can achieve our goals without going over budget. Understanding digital marketing allows us to achieve three times the results for half the cost. This article lists five mistakes most small businesses make that we hope will help you avoid them. This article tells us not to spend money on advertising, but to create a greater image (Branding).
An Analysis Study of Inflation Accounting
A unique method called an inflation account is used to account for how the cost of goods in different parts of the world can change and affect the numbers that multinational corporations report. A more accurate view of a company's financial status in an inflationary climate is provided by price index adjustments made to financial statements rather than only using cost accounting. Another name for this approach is price-level accounting. Navigating different economic environments presents a lot of hurdles for global firms, especially when it comes to accounting procedures and financial reporting. An inflation account is a unique technique that appears as a tactical tool to solve the complexity arising from varying costs across diverse locations. Inflation accounting integrates price index adjustments into financial statements, providing a more accurate and nuanced representation of a company's financial health in inflationary environments than traditional cost accounting methodologies, which may ignore the subtle impact of inflation on financial figures. This method, also known as price-level accounting, recognizes the fluid character of international marketplaces, in which prices and the buying power of different currencies can fluctuate dramatically over time and across borders. Multinational firms can reduce distortions in reported earnings and asset valuations by implementing adjustments based on current pricing indexes, giving stakeholders a better idea of the company's actual economic performance and position. To put it simply, inflation accounting is an essential tool for improving the dependability and integrity of financial reporting.
An Analytical Study of Dividend Policy on Alkem Laboratories limited
A dividend is the percentage of a company's net earnings that are given to each shareholder as a return on their investment in the business. A company's dividend policy outlines how it will distribute dividends. A dividend policy outlines the process by which a business will distribute dividends to its owners. The payout details in this structure include the frequency, timing, and amount of distribution. In this study researcher analyze the relationship between different policies of dividend like Walter Model, Gordon Model with Book Value of Alkem Laboratories Limited Within the framework of this study, a comprehensive examination is conducted to investigate the complex correlation between various dividend policies and Alkem Laboratories Limited's book value. In particular, the research examines well-known models like the Gordon and Walter models in an effort to decipher the complex relationships that exist between these dividend policies and the company's book value. The relationship between a company's dividend policy and internal rate of return (IRR) is highlighted by the Walter Model, a traditional dividend policy framework. The goal of the research is to determine how Alkem Laboratories Limited's dividend decisions are consistent with its internal financial dynamics by examining the consequences of this model in the company's setting. Concurrently, the dividend discount model-based Gordon Model