NOLEGEIN-Journal of Operations Research & Management

Analysis of the Economic Status of Beneficiaries of the E-Nirman Scheme (In the Context of Bhavnagar District)

Rubinaben N. Solanki — 2026-02-16

Government welfare schemes play a vital role in strengthening the economic condition of socially and economically disadvantaged sections of society. In this context, the E-Nirman scheme introduced by the Government of Gujarat for construction workers represents an important initiative aimed at improving their socio-economic well-being. The scheme provides various welfare benefits such as financial assistance, insurance coverage, health support, and educational aid, with the objective of enhancing the living standards of beneficiary families. The present study examines the impact of the E-Nirman scheme on the economic status of construction worker households in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat. The study is based on primary data collected through a survey method using structured questionnaires and personal interviews. A sample of 30 beneficiaries was selected to analyze changes in their annual income and annual expenditure before and after availing the scheme benefits. Comparative analysis was carried out to assess economic variations, and the Paired Sample t-test was applied to examine the
statistical significance of the observed changes. The findings of the study reveal a significant increase in the annual income of beneficiaries after the implementation of the E-Nirman scheme. Additionally, noticeable improvements were observed in expenditure patterns, indicating better financial planning and reduced economic pressure. The statistical results confirm that the changes in both income and expenditure are significant. Overall, the study concludes that the E-Nirman scheme has had a positive
impact on the economic stability of construction workers, contributing meaningfully to improving their standard of living and promoting long-term financial security.

Strategic Shadowboxing in India–U.S. Relations: A Decadal Review (2014–2024)

Manika Jain — 2026-01-31

This article aims to analyze the trajectory of India–U.S. relations over the decade from 2014 to 2024, with a focus on key developments, outcomes, and prospects of the bilateral partnership. During this period, the strategic relationship between the two countries evolved significantly, influenced by economic interests, political priorities, and shared ideological concerns. The formation of a strategic alliance progressed across different phases, shaped largely by converging interests in regional stability
and global governance. However, the relationship was not without constraints. India’s pursuit of an independent and sovereign foreign policy, coupled with U.S. reluctance on certain strategic and trade-related issues, occasionally created disagreements and policy friction. The paper examines the distinctive features that define contemporary India–U.S. relations, highlighting how mutual concerns –particularly regarding China’s growing influence – have contributed to the gradual strengthening of ties. A comparative analysis of the three U.S. administrations reveals notable variations in approach: President Obama emphasized defense cooperation and strategic partnerships; President Trump adopted a transactional, deal-oriented approach; while President Biden renewed emphasis on multilateralism, institutional frameworks, and alliance-based diplomacy. The study employs a theoretical framework grounded in international relations theories to analyze policy continuity and change under the administrations of Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden. The findings suggest that while policy intent and strategic vision are crucial, the real measure of success in India–U.S. relations lies in effective policy implementation.

An Analysis of Cryptocurrency and Its Influence on Conventional Financial System

Shikha Dua — 2025-08-05

This study explores the growing influence of cryptocurrency on traditional banking systems, focusing on how decentralized digital currencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple are transforming the financial landscape. The research examines the disruptive impact of cryptocurrency on core banking functions, including fund transfers, lending, and monetary policy execution. The paper offers a sophisticated grasp of the opportunities and difficulties presented by this financial innovation by fusing theoretical analysis with empirical data. Primary data was collected from 120 respondents who were aware about with cryptocurrency. The survey results revealed that a significant majority of respondents perceived cryptocurrency as transparent, efficient, and secure alternatives to traditional banking services. Many participants highlighted the enhanced transparency offered by blockchain technology, which allows for immutable and publicly verifiable transactions, thereby increasing trust among users. The findings suggested that while cryptocurrency represented a competitive threat to traditional banks, they simultaneously created new opportunities for financial innovation. This included promoting greater financial inclusion by reaching underserved populations, offering novel customer-centric services, and driving operational efficiencies within the financial sector. Ultimately, the research concluded that a future characterized by the coexistence of cryptocurrency and traditional banking institutions was not only feasible but increasingly probable. This coexistence would, however, depend on the willingness of both systems to adapt—through technological advancements, regulatory evolution, and collaborative frameworks—to meet the demands of an evolving digital financial landscape.

The Comparative Analysis of Large-Cap Equity Stocks of It Sector in India

Richa Mehta — 2025-08-05

The primary aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive financial performance analysis of large-cap equity stocks within the IT sector. Descriptive research methods are employed to depict the financial landscape of large-cap IT stocks. The study targets leading IT firms listed on Indian stock exchanges, specifically those with a market capitalization of more than ₹20,000 crore. The sample comprises the top 5 large-cap IT companies selected through a comparative balance sheet analysis. Data analysis is conducted primarily using MS Excel, with Ratio Analysis including Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, Beta Ratio, Alpha Ratio, and Liquidity Ratios. The Key Findings are Sharpe Ratio Analysis: HCL Technologies demonstrates the best risk-adjusted performance, followed by Larsen & Toubro and Tata Consultancy Services. Treynor Ratio Analysis: HCL Technologies shows the highest Treynor Ratio, reflecting strong returns relative to its market risk. Beta Ratio Analysis: Larsen & Toubro records the highest beta value, suggesting greater volatility in comparison to the overall market. Jensen's Alpha Ratio Analysis: HCL Technologies and LTI exhibit the highest alphas, indicating outperformance relative to market risk. Liquidity Ratio Analysis: LTI Mindtree consistently maintains healthy liquidity ratios, while Infosys shows a declining trend. The analysis of the Alpha Ratio indicates that both HCL Technologies and LTI Mindtree have delivered returns that surpass expected market benchmarks, reflecting strong risk-adjusted performance. Furthermore, the evaluation of liquidity ratios highlights that LTI Mindtree consistently upholds robust liquidity levels, whereas Infosys exhibits a downward trend in liquidity, potentially affecting its ability to meet short-term financial obligations. In conclusion, this research provides meaningful insights into the financial health and resilience of top IT companies in India, offering valuable guidance to investors. The results also highlight the critical need for maintaining a balance between risk and return, along with sufficient liquidity, to ensure long-term financial viability in the IT sector.

Opportunities and Difficulties of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management

Saswati Jena — 2025-08-04

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an advanced technology, helpful in analyzing, interpreting, recommending, solving problems, and making decisions for various fields, including Human Resources. Human resources, shortly known as HR, is a complete analysis of the employees of an organization. It justifies some responsibilities like recruitment, compensation benefits, performance appraisal, training and development, payroll scheme, employee relations, etc. In today’s era. AI is serving an important role associated with HR practices to simplify data collection, recording keeping as well as processing better outcomes. The research gap is a lack of comprehensiveness on the impact of AI on the employee experience as well as engagement in the field of HR. It’s ambiguous how AI-driven tools can be used to personalize employee development, address potential biases, and foster a positive workplace culture while still maintaining human interaction in critical situations. This paper aims to find out how AI is replacing the manual or traditional methods of HR work, which consequently helps to achieve success. Also, to extract the interdependency of today’s business requirements with smart work. Uncertainty remains regarding the effective use of AI-driven tools in tailoring employee development, reducing inherent biases, and cultivating a supportive and inclusive organizational culture—all while ensuring that human interaction is maintained in crucial and sensitive situations. This study seeks to investigate the extent to which AI is transforming traditional HR practices and enhancing organizational performance. Additionally, it aims to analyze the increasing reliance of contemporary business operations on AI-powered, smart work solutions.

A Critical Analysis of Performance of Higher Educational Institutions Through Balanced Scorecard

Sonali Ghai — 2025-08-04

Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in organizations. It has been observed that many institutions adapt the BSC framework by modifying its perspectives to align with their vision, mission, and strategic themes. Some researchers have emphasized its applicability to Higher educational institutions (HEIs). This paper critically analyses the application of the BSC framework in assessing HEI performance, focusing on its effectiveness, challenges, and implications for institutional governance. HEIs, including universities, colleges, and vocational training institutes, are primarily engaged in delivering tertiary education through undergraduate, postgraduate, and professional programs. This paper reviews recent studies from leading academic journals that have applied the Balanced Scorecard framework in HEIs. It identifies the most relevant perspectives like Strategy Map (SM), Business Model Canvas (BSM), SWOT analysis for these institutions and provides a contextual analysis. When effectively implemented, the framework can be used to monitor institutional performance and facilitate strategic adjustments in response to emerging challenges. The four perspectives of the BSC—financial, customer (student and stakeholder), internal process, and learning & growth—are explored to provide a comprehensive understanding of how HEIs can leverage this tool to enhance performance and sustainability. The paper provides a contextual evaluation of these components and highlights that, when implemented effectively, the Balanced Scorecard can function as a robust tool for monitoring institutional performance. It further supports higher education institutions in making well-informed strategic decisions to address both internal dynamics and external pressures. The study explores the four core BSC perspectives—financial, customer (encompassing students and stakeholders), internal processes, and learning and growth—in depth, illustrating how HEIs can apply this integrated framework to enhance their operational efficiency, strengthen institutional adaptability, and ensure long-term sustainability in a rapidly changing and competitive academic landscape.