Utilization of Capitals by Households Living in Internally Displaced Persons Camps in North East, Nigeria
Abstract
Households living in Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Camps face socio-economic challenges and it affects their livelihood activities particularly the weak households. This study investigates the utilization of capital by households living in IDPs camps in North East Nigeria. The research utilized quantitative methodology with cross-sectional as its research design to investigate the utilization of capitals by households living in the IDPs camps. The sample size for this study was 210 based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample’s size determination table on confidence level 95% and employed a stratified and systematic sampling technique from the proportionate sampling; stratified sampling grouped the households living in the IDPs camps in North East Nigeria. Interview schedules were conducted in data collection and data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. The study found the existence of limitation to livelihood activities because of low utilization of capital by households living in IDPs camps in North East Nigeria and households' capitals are needed for the enhancement of livelihood activities. Household capitals comprised human, social, natural, physical, and financial capitals and as the building block assets from which households make use for their livelihood activities. Thus, utilization of capitals by households hardly focuses only on a single capital, but rather makes use of other types of capital to support a primary capital to accomplish the goal of living, and degrees of capitals utilized are different. Households living in IDPs camps utilized mixed capital, hence, indicating the dynamics of the utilization of the capital and how it shape the lifestyles of the households living in IDPs camps in North East Nigeria. It is recommended based on the findings of the research that government agencies and stakeholders are required to focus on appropriate guiding principles to support capital utilization by households living in IDPs camps. Government agencies and stakeholders are expected to come up with an integrated approach for intensification and stability of the capital of households for sustainable livelihood activities. Households living in IDPs camps in North East Nigeria are recommended to utilize livelihood capitals like financial, human, social, physical, and natural capitals to generate sustainable livelihoods and they are also expected to make use of capital with an incorporated approach for the intensification of the stability of the households.
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