Comparative Study of the Crime of Trafficking in Property and Human Beings in the Criminal Code

Abstract

Trafficking in property and human beings is a serious challenge with significant economic, social, and security implications, especially in conflict zones like Afghanistan. This study compares how Afghanistan's Criminal Code addresses these crimes, clarifying their legal definitions, foundations, conditions, and penalties. Although human and property trafficking are distinct, they often overlap in methods and criminal networks, making their comparative analysis crucial. Human trafficking involves exploitation like forced labor, sexual abuse, and organ trade, which severely impacts human rights and national stability. Property trafficking, including illegal movement of goods, assets, or money, destabilizes the economy and fuels organized crime. The research compares Afghan laws with international standards, including key UN protocols, to evaluate alignment and identify legal reform needs. Using an analytical-descriptive approach, the study also draws on case examples to assess the legal system's current practical challenges. Findings show that while Afghanistan’s Criminal Code provides a legal framework, it lacks clear definitions and boundaries for these crimes, causing enforcement challenges. The study offers recommendations for reform, such as improving oversight systems, training officials, raising public awareness, and enhancing international cooperation. Ultimately, the research aims to raise awareness, support legal reforms, and strengthen global collaboration to combat trafficking, with positive regional and worldwide impacts.