Role of Women in Higher Studies: Gross Enrollment Ratio and Its Implications

Abstract

In recent years, the role of women in higher education has become a critical area of focus for policymakers, educators, and society. The Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) is a key metric used to measure the level of participation in higher education, and it has seen significant changes in the involvement of women. This article explores the importance of women in higher studies, the impact of GER on women’s education, and the challenges and opportunities that come with increasing female participation in higher education. Also, Gender Parity Index (GPI) relation with GER is explored in the article. The rising Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) among women reflects not only improved access to higher education but also a shift in societal perceptions regarding the value of female education. This article explores women's participation in higher education by analyzing GER trends, regional variations, and the broader socio-economic impact of increased female enrollment. It also examines the Gender Parity Index (GPI), which measures the relative enrollment of women compared to men, to assess progress toward gender equality in the academic sphere. While advancements have been made, persistent challenges—such as cultural norms, financial limitations, and systemic discrimination—still hinder equal participation. The article further discusses various policy measures, scholarship programs, and institutional strategies designed to promote inclusive educational development. By examining the relationship between GER, GPI, and women's access to higher education, this study aims to help stakeholders identify existing gaps and work toward building a more balanced and inclusive academic environment.